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I-Abstract: Iphepha lelona sixhobo sisetyenziswa kakhulu ukupakisha ukuprinta.Iimpawu zayo ezibonakalayo zinefuthe elithe ngqo okanye elingathanga ngqo kumgangatho wokushicilela.Ukuqonda okuchanekileyo kunye nokuqonda uhlobo lwephepha, ngokweempawu zemveliso, ukusetyenziswa kwephepha ngokufanelekileyo ukuphucula umgangatho weemveliso zokushicilela, kuya kudlala indima efanelekileyo ekukhuthazeni.Eli phepha lokwabelana ngeempawu zesiqulatho esinxulumene nephepha, kwireferensi yabahlobo:

Iphepha lokushicilela

Naziphi na iintlobo ngeentlobo zephepha elishicilelweyo elineempawu ezithile, ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yoshicilelo.

Iphepha elisetyenziselwa ukuprinta.Ngokutsho ukusetyenziswa inokohlulwa ibe: newsprint, iincwadi kunye namaphepha-ncwadi iphepha, cover paper, securities paper njalo njalo.Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokushicilela zinokwahlulwa zibe yi letterpress printing paper, gravure printing paper, offset printing paper njalo njalo.

1 Ubungakanani

Ibhekisa kubunzima bephepha ngeyunithi yendawo nganye, ebonakaliswa ngu-g/㎡, oko kukuthi, ubunzima begram yephepha le-1 square metre.Inqanaba lomyinge wephepha limisela iimpawu ezibonakalayo zephepha, njengamandla okuqina, iqondo lokukrazula, ukuqina, ukuqina kunye nobukhulu.Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba kutheni umatshini wokushicilela okhawulezayo ungalunganga kwiphepha lobungakanani obungaphantsi kwe-35g/㎡, ukuze kube lula ukubonakala iphepha elingaqhelekanga, ukuprintwa okungaphezulu akuvumelekanga kunye nezinye izizathu.Ke ngoko, ngokweempawu zezixhobo, ukucwangciswa kobungakanani beendawo zokuprinta ezihambelana nokusebenza kwayo kunokuveliswa, ukuze kuncitshiswe ngcono ukusetyenziswa, kuphuculwe umgangatho weemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koshicilelo lwezixhobo.

2 Ukutyeba

Ngaba ubukhulu bephepha, iyunithi yokulinganisa idla ngokubonakaliswa kwi-μm okanye mm.Ukutyeba kunye nobungakanani kunye nokubumbana kunobudlelwane obusondeleyo, ngokubanzi, ubukhulu bephepha bukhulu, ubungakanani balo buhambelana phezulu, kodwa ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi zibini abukho ngokupheleleyo.Elinye iphepha, nangona lincinci, lilingana okanye ligqithise ubukhulu.Oku kubonisa ukuba ukuqina kwesakhiwo sefiber yephepha kugqiba ubuninzi kunye nobukhulu bephepha.Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umgangatho wokuprinta kunye nokupakishwa, ubukhulu obufanayo bephepha bubaluleke kakhulu.Ngaphandle koko, iya kuchaphazela iphepha lokuhlaziya elizenzekelayo, uxinzelelo lokushicilela kunye nomgangatho we-inki.Ukuba usebenzisa ukutyeba okwahlukileyo kweencwadi eziprintiweyo, kuya kwenza ukuba incwadi egqityiweyo ivelise umahluko omkhulu.

3 Ukuqina

Ibhekisa kubunzima bephepha nge-cubic centimeter nganye, echazwe nge-g/C㎡.Ukuqina kwephepha kubalwa ngobuninzi kunye nobukhulu ngokwefomula ilandelayo: D = G / D × 1000, apho: G imele ubuninzi bephepha;D bubunzima bephepha.Ukuqina ngumlinganiselo woxinaniso lwesakhiwo sephepha, ukuba liqinile kakhulu, i-paper brittle crack, i-opacity kunye ne-inki yokufunxa iya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, ukushicilela akukho lula ukoma, kwaye kulula ukuvelisa into ephantsi encangathi emdaka.Ngoko ke, xa iphepha lokushicilela elinobunzima obuphezulu, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kulawulo olufanelekileyo lwesixa se-inki yokugquma, kunye nokukhetha ukoma kunye ne-inki ehambelanayo.

4 Ukuqina

Ngaba ukusebenza kokumelana nephepha kwenye ukucinezelwa kwento, kodwa kunye nokusebenza kakubi kwefiber yephepha.Ubulukhuni bephepha buphantsi, bunokufumana amanqaku acace ngakumbi.Inkqubo yoshicilelo ye-letterpress ngokuqhelekileyo ifaneleka ngakumbi ukuprintwa ngephepha elinobunzima obuphantsi, ukuze umgangatho we-inki yokushicilela ube mhle, kwaye izinga lokumelana nepleyiti yokushicilela liphezulu.

5 Ukuguda

Ibhekisa kwiqondo lokungqubana komphezulu wephepha, iyunithi ngemizuzwana, enomlinganiselo.Umgaqo wokufumanisa ngulo: phantsi kwevacuum ethile kunye noxinzelelo, umthamo othile womoya kwindawo yeglasi kunye nesampulu yomphezulu wesampulu phakathi kwexesha elithathiweyo.Okukhona iphepha ligudileyo, kokukhona umoya ucothayo uhamba kulo, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo.Ukushicilela kufuna iphepha eligudileyo eliphakathi, ukuguda okuphezulu, ichaphaza elincinci liya kuphinda livelise ngokuthembekileyo, kodwa ushicilelo olupheleleyo kufuneka lunikele ingqalelo ukuthintela ukuncamathela ngasemva.Ukuba ukuguda kwephepha kuphantsi, uxinzelelo olufunekayo lokushicilela lukhulu, ukusetyenziswa kwe-inki kukhulu.

Izidanga ezi-6 zothuli

Kubhekiselele kukungcola okuphezu kwamabala ephepha, umbala kunye nombala wephepha kukho umahluko ocacileyo.Isidanga sothuli ngumlinganiselo wokungcola ephepheni, obonakaliswa ngenani leendawo zothuli kuluhlu oluthile kwimitha yesikwere yendawo yephepha.Uthuli lwephepha luphezulu, inki yokuprinta, isiphumo sokuvelisa amachaphaza sibi, amabala amdaka achaphazela ubuhle bemveliso.

7 Isidanga sobungakanani

Ngokuqhelekileyo umphezulu wephepha lephepha lokubhala, iphepha lokugubungela kunye nephepha lokupakisha lenziwe ngokulinganisa umaleko okhuselayo kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi.Indlela yokufaka ukulinganisa, usiba lwedada oluqhelekileyo lufakwe kwi-inki ekhethekileyo kwimizuzwana embalwa, zoba umgca ephepheni, ubone ububanzi obuphezulu bokungaphumeleli kwayo, ukungakwazi ukungena, iyunithi mm.Ukulinganisa umphezulu wephepha kuphezulu, ukugqama kwe-inki yoshicilelo kuphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwe-inki encinci.

8 Ukungathobeli

Bubuchule bephepha ukufunxa i-inki.Ukuguda, ukwenza ubungakanani bephepha elilungileyo, ukufunxwa kwe-inki buthathaka, umaleko we-inki womile uyacotha, kwaye kulula ukuncamathela ushicilelo olumdaka.Ngokuchasene noko, ukufunxa kwe-inki kunamandla, ukuprinta kulula ukomisa.

9 Emva koko

Ibhekisa kulungiselelo lolungiselelo lwefiber yephepha.Kwinkqubo yokwenza iphepha, i-fiber ihamba kunye ne-longitudinal direction yomshini wephepha.Inokubonwa ngeAngile ebukhali yamanqaku omnatha.Ukuma nkqo ukuya nkqo kuguquguqukayo.Ixabiso le-deformation ye-longitudinal paper grain printing lincinci.Kwinkqubo yokuprinta okuziinkozo zephepha elinqamlezileyo, ukwahluka kokwandiswa kukhulu, kwaye amandla okuqina kunye neqondo lokukrazula alilunganga.

10 Inqanaba Lokwandiswa

Ibhekisa kwiphepha lokufunxa ukufuma okanye ukulahleka kokufuma emva kobungakanani benguqu.Okukhona i-fiber tissue yephepha ithambile, iyancipha i-tightness, iphezulu izinga lokwandiswa kwephepha;Ngokuchaseneyo, isantya esisezantsi sokulinganisa.Ukongeza, ukuguda, ukulinganisa iphepha elilungileyo, izinga lokwandiswa kwalo lincinci.Njengephepha elinamacala amabini, ikhadi leglasi kunye nephepha le-A offset, njl.

11 I-Porosity

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-thinner kunye nencinci encinci yephepha, iya kuphefumla ngakumbi.Iyunithi yesakhono sokuphefumla yi ml/min(millilita ngomzuzu) okanye s/100ml(yesibini /100ml), ebhekisa kumthamo womoya ogqithiswe kwiphepha ngomzuzu omnye okanye ixesha elifunekayo ukudlula kwi-100ml yomoya.Iphepha elinomoya omkhulu lithanda ukufunxa iphepha kabini kwinkqubo yoshicilelo.

I-12 yesiDanga esiMhlophe

Ibhekisela ekukhanyeni kwephepha, ukuba konke ukukhanya kubonakaliswe ephepheni, iliso lenyama linokubona ukuba limhlophe.Ukuzimisela kobumhlophe bephepha, ngokuqhelekileyo ubumhlophe be-magnesium oxide yi-100% njengomgangatho, thatha isampuli yephepha nge-irradiation yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubumhlophe be-reflection encinci bubi.Imitha emhlophe yefoto yombane ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubumhlophe.Iiyunithi zobumhlophe ziyi-11 ekhulwini.Iphepha eliphezulu elimhlophe, i-inki yokuprinta ibonakala imnyama, kwaye kulula ukuyivelisa nge-phenomenon.

13 Ngaphambili nangasemva

Ekwenzeni iphepha, i-pulp yenziwe ngokuhluzwa kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngokubambelela kwi-mesh yensimbi.Ngale ndlela, njengecala lomnatha ngenxa yokulahleka kwemicu ecolekileyo kunye nokuzaliswa kwamanzi, ngoko ke ukushiya amanqaku, umphezulu wephepha unzima.Kwaye elinye icala elingenawo umnatha lilungile.I-Smooth, ukuze iphepha lenze umehluko phakathi kwamacala amabini, nangona ukuveliswa kokumisa, ukukhanya koxinzelelo, kusekho ukungafani phakathi kwamacala amabini.I-gloss yephepha iyahluka, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukufunxa inki kunye nomgangatho weemveliso zokushicilela.Ukuba inkqubo ye-letterpress isebenzisa ushicilelo lwephepha olunecala elingasemva elishinyeneyo, ukunxitywa kwepleyiti kuya kwandiswa kakhulu.Umphambili woxinzelelo lwephepha lokushicilela ukukhanya, ukusetyenziswa kwe-inki kuncinci.