amakuru

Ibisobanuro: Impapuro nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mugupakira.Imiterere yumubiri igira ingaruka itaziguye cyangwa itaziguye kumiterere yo gucapa.Gusobanukirwa neza no kumenya imiterere yimpapuro, ukurikije ibiranga ibicuruzwa, gukoresha neza impapuro kugirango uzamure ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, bizagira uruhare runini mu kuzamura.Uru rupapuro kugirango dusangire ibiranga impapuro zijyanye, kubwinshuti zerekana:

Gucapa impapuro

Ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwimpapuro zacapwe zifite imiterere yihariye, bitewe nuburyo bwo gucapa.

Impapuro zikoreshwa muburyo bwo gucapa.Ukurikije imikoreshereze irashobora kugabanywamo: amakuru yamakuru, ibitabo nibinyamakuru byandika, impapuro zitwikiriye, impapuro zimpapuro nibindi.Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gucapa burashobora kugabanywamo impapuro zo gucapa inyuguti, impapuro zo gucapa gravure, impapuro zo gucapa offset nibindi.

1 Umubare

Yerekeza ku buremere bwimpapuro kuri buri gice, bigaragazwa na g / ㎡, ni ukuvuga uburemere bwa garama ya metero kare 1.Urwego rwinshi rwimpapuro rugena imiterere yumubiri wimpapuro, nkimbaraga zingana, urugero rwo kurira, gukomera, gukomera nubunini.Ninimpamvu nyamukuru ituma imashini yihuta yihuta itari nziza kumpapuro zingana ziri munsi ya 35g / ㎡, kuburyo byoroshye kugaragara impapuro zidasanzwe, gucapa birenze ntibyemewe nizindi mpamvu.Kubwibyo, ukurikije ibiranga ibikoresho, gahunda yo kugereranya ibice byacapwe bijyanye nimikorere yabyo irashobora kubyazwa umusaruro, kugirango bigabanye neza ibicuruzwa, kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa no gucapa neza ibikoresho.

Ubunini

Nubunini bwimpapuro, igice cyo gupima gikunze kugaragara muri μm cyangwa mm.Umubyimba no kubara no guhuzagurika bifitanye isano ya hafi, muri rusange, uburebure bwimpapuro ni bunini, ubwinshi bwabwo bujyanye no hejuru, ariko isano iri hagati yombi ntabwo yuzuye.Impapuro zimwe, nubwo zinanutse, zingana cyangwa zirenze ubunini.Ibi birerekana ko ubukana bwimiterere ya fibre fibre igena ubwinshi nubunini bwimpapuro.Uhereye kubicapiro no gupakira ubuziranenge, ubunini bwimpapuro ni ngombwa cyane.Bitabaye ibyo, bizagira ingaruka ku mpapuro zo kuvugurura byikora, icapiro ryumuvuduko nubwiza bwa wino.Niba ukoresheje ubunini butandukanye bwibitabo byacapwe, bizatuma igitabo cyarangiye gitanga ubunini bugaragara.

3 Gukomera

Yerekeza ku buremere bwimpapuro kuri santimetero kibe, bigaragarira muri g / C㎡.Ubukomezi bwimpapuro bubarwa nubunini nubunini ukurikije formula ikurikira: D = G / D × 1000, aho: G byerekana ubwinshi bwimpapuro;D nubunini bwimpapuro.Gukomera ni igipimo cy'ubucucike bw'imiterere y'impapuro, niba zifunze cyane, impapuro zimenaguritse, gucika intege no kwinjiza wino bizagabanuka cyane, gucapa ntabwo byoroshye gukama, kandi byoroshye kubyara ibintu byanduye byanduye.Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo gucapa impapuro zifite ubukana bwinshi, hagomba kwitonderwa kugenzura neza ingano ya wino, hamwe no guhitamo gukama hamwe na wino bijyanye.

4 Gukomera

Nibikorwa byimpapuro zirwanya ikindi kintu cyo kwikuramo, ariko kandi impapuro fibre tissue tissue imikorere idahwitse.Urupapuro rukomeye ni ruto, rushobora kubona ibimenyetso bisobanutse.Inzira yo gucapura inyuguti muri rusange irakwiriye cyane gucapishwa impapuro zifite ubukana buke, kuburyo ubuziranenge bwo gucapa ari bwiza, kandi igipimo cyo kurwanya icyapa nacyo kiri hejuru.

5 Ubworoherane

Yerekeza kurwego rwimpapuro hejuru yububiko, ubumwe mumasegonda, bipimwa.Ihame ryo gutahura ni: munsi yumuvuduko nigitutu runaka, ingano yumwuka unyuze hejuru yikirahure hamwe nicyitegererezo cyubuso hagati yigihe cyafashwe.Urupapuro rworoshye, niko umwuka ugenda unyuramo, naho ubundi.Gucapa bisaba impapuro zifite ubworoherane buringaniye, ubworoherane buke, akadomo gato kazabyara mu budahemuka, ariko icapiro ryuzuye rigomba kwitondera gukumira inyuma.Niba impapuro zoroheje ari nke, igitutu gisabwa ni kinini, gukoresha wino nabyo ni binini.

Impamyabumenyi 6

Yerekeza ku mwanda uri hejuru yimpapuro, ibara nimpapuro hari itandukaniro rigaragara.Urwego rwumukungugu ni igipimo cyumwanda ku mpapuro, bigaragazwa numubare wumukungugu uri murwego runaka kuri metero kare yimpapuro.Umukungugu wimpapuro ni muremure, wandika wino, ingaruka zo kubyara utudomo ni mbi, ibibanza byanduye bigira ingaruka kubwiza bwibicuruzwa.

Impamyabumenyi

Mubisanzwe impapuro zanditseho impapuro, impapuro zipfundikirwa hamwe nimpapuro zo gupakira zakozwe mugupima urwego rukingira amazi.Nigute washyira mubunini, ikaramu ikoreshwa cyane ikozwe muri wino idasanzwe mumasegonda make, gushushanya umurongo kurupapuro, reba ubugari ntarengwa bwokudakwirakwira, kutemerwa, igice ni mm.Ubunini bw'impapuro buringaniye, gucapa wino urwego rwinshi ni rwinshi, gukoresha wino nke.

8 Absorbency

Nubushobozi bwimpapuro zo gukuramo wino.Ubworoherane, ubunini bw'impapuro nziza, kwinjiza wino ni ntege nke, inkingi yumye yumye gahoro, kandi byoroshye gufata ibyapa byanduye.Ibinyuranye, kwinjiza wino birakomeye, gucapa biroroshye gukama.

9 Kuruhande

Yerekeza ku mpapuro fibre organisation icyerekezo.Mubikorwa byo gukora impapuro, fibre ikora yerekeza kumurongo muremure wimashini yimpapuro.Irashobora kumenyekana na Angle ityaye ya net.Uhagaritse kuri vertical ni transvers.Guhindura agaciro k'impapuro ndende zo gucapa ingano ni nto.Muburyo bwo gucapura impapuro zo guhinduranya impapuro, itandukaniro ryo kwaguka ni rinini, kandi imbaraga zingutu hamwe nurwego rwamarira ni bibi.

Igipimo cyo Kwaguka

Yerekeza ku mpapuro mu kwinjiza amazi cyangwa gutakaza ubushuhe nyuma yubunini butandukanye.Nibyoroshye fibre tissue yimpapuro, uko ubukana bugabanuka, niko umuvuduko wo kwaguka wimpapuro;Ibinyuranye, hasi igipimo cyo gupima.Mubyongeyeho, koroshya, gupima impapuro nziza, igipimo cyayo cyo kwaguka ni gito.Nkimpapuro zibiri zometseho impapuro, ikarita yikirahure nimpapuro za offset, nibindi

11 Ubwoba

Muri rusange, inanutse kandi idakomeye impapuro, niko bizaba bihumeka neza.Igice cyo guhumeka ni ml / min (mililitiro kumunota) cyangwa s / 100ml (isegonda / 100ml), bivuze ubwinshi bwumwuka wanyuze mu mpapuro muminota 1 cyangwa igihe gisabwa kugirango unyure muri 100ml yumuyaga.Impapuro zifite umwuka mwinshi zikunda gukuba impapuro ebyiri mugihe cyo gucapa.

Impamyabumenyi Yera

Yerekeza ku mucyo w'impapuro, niba urumuri rwose rugaragarira mu mpapuro, ijisho ryonyine rishobora kubona ko ryera.Kumenya umweru wimpapuro, mubisanzwe umweru wa magnesium oxyde ni 100% nkibisanzwe, fata urugero rwimpapuro ukoresheje irrasi yumucyo wubururu, umweru wibitekerezo bito ni bibi.Imashini yera ya mashanyarazi irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugupima umweru.Ibice byera ni 11 ku ijana.Impapuro zera cyane, gucapa wino bigaragara ko ari umwijima, kandi byoroshye kubyara binyuze muri phenomenon.

13 Imbere n'inyuma

Mu gukora impapuro, ifu ikorwa no kuyungurura no kubura umwuma mugukomera inshundura.Muri ubu buryo, nkuruhande rwurushundura kubera gutakaza fibre nziza hamwe nuwuzuza amazi, bityo ugasiga ibimenyetso bya net, hejuru yimpapuro ni ndende.Kandi kurundi ruhande rutagira inshundura nibyiza.Byoroheje, kugirango impapuro zigire itandukaniro hagati yimpande zombi, nubwo umusaruro wumye, urumuri rwumuvuduko, haracyari itandukaniro hagati yimpande zombi.Ububengerane bwimpapuro buratandukanye, bugira ingaruka muburyo bwo kwinjiza wino hamwe nubwiza bwibicuruzwa.Niba inyuguti zandika zikoresha impapuro zicapye kuruhande rwinyuma, kwambara isahani biziyongera cyane.Imbere yimpapuro zo gucapa ni urumuri, gukoresha wino ni bike.