nūhou

Abstract: ʻO ka pepa ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka paʻi ʻana.Loaʻa i kāna mau waiwai kino ka hopena pololei a i ʻole ka hopena i ka maikaʻi o ka paʻi.ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo pololei a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ke ʻano o ka pepa, e like me nā ʻano o ka huahana, hoʻohana kūpono i ka pepa e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana paʻi, e pāʻani maikaʻi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana.E kaʻana like kēia pepa i nā ʻano o ka maʻiʻo pili i ka pepa, no ka ʻike makamaka:

Paʻi pepa

ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano pepa i paʻi ʻia i loaʻa nā waiwai kikoʻī, ma muli o ke ʻano paʻi.

Hoʻohana kūikawā ʻia ka pepa no ka paʻi ʻana.E like me ka hoʻohana hiki ke maheleia i: newsprint, puke a me periodicals pepa, uhi pepa, securities pepa a pela aku.E like me nā ʻano paʻi like ʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka pepa paʻi palapala, pepa paʻi gravure, pepa paʻi offset a pēlā aku.

1 Ka nui

E pili ana ia i ke kaumaha o ka pepa no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, i hōʻike ʻia e ka g/㎡, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kaumaha gram o 1 mika mika pepa.Hoʻoholo ka pae quantitative o ka pepa i nā waiwai kino o ka pepa, e like me ka ikaika tensile, degere haehae, paʻa, ʻoʻoleʻa a me ka mānoanoa.ʻO kēia ke kumu nui ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka mīkini paʻi kiʻekiʻe no ka pepa quantitative ma lalo o 35g/㎡, i maʻalahi ke ʻike ʻia ka pepa ʻano ʻole, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka overprint a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe.No laila, e like me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea hana, hiki ke hana ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho quantitative o nā ʻāpana paʻi e pili ana i kāna hana, i mea e hōʻemi maikaʻi ai ka hoʻohana ʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana a me ka maikaʻi o ka paʻi ʻana o nā lako.

2 Mānoanoa

ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka pepa, hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka ʻāpana o ke ana ma μm a i ʻole mm.ʻO ka mānoanoa a me ka quantitative a me ka compactness he pili pili, ma keʻano nui, nui ka mānoanoa o ka pepa, he kiʻekiʻe kona quantitative, akā ʻaʻole paʻa ka pilina ma waena o nā mea ʻelua.ʻO kekahi pepa, ʻoiai he lahilahi, ua like a ʻoi aku paha i ka mānoanoa.Hōʻike kēia i ka paʻa ʻana o ka hana fiber pepa e hoʻoholo i ka nui a me ka mānoanoa o ka pepa.Mai ka manaʻo o ka paʻi ʻana a me ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana, he mea nui ka mānoanoa like ʻole o ka pepa.A i ʻole, pili ia i ka pepa hoʻohou hou, ka paʻi paʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ka inika.Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka mānoanoa like ʻole o nā puke i paʻi ʻia i ka pepa, e hana i ka puke i hoʻopau ʻia i hana nui ʻokoʻa mānoanoa.

3 Paʻa

E pili ana i ke kaumaha o ka pepa no ke kenimika cubic, i hoikeia ma g/C㎡.Ua helu ʻia ka paʻa o ka pepa e ka nui a me ka mānoanoa e like me ke ʻano penei: D=G/ D ×1000, kahi: G hōʻike ʻia ka nui o ka pepa;ʻO D ka mānoanoa o ka pepa.ʻO ka paʻakiki kahi ana o ka mānoanoa o ka hoʻolālā pepa, inā paʻa loa, e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka māwae pepa, ka opacity a me ka absorption inika, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka paʻi ʻana, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana i kahi ʻano lepo lepo lepo.No laila, i ka paʻi ʻana i ka pepa me ka paʻa kiʻekiʻe, pono e uku ʻia i ka mana kūpono o ka nui o ka uhi ʻana o ka inika, a me ke koho ʻana o ka maloʻo a me ka ʻīnika pili.

4 Oolea

ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka pepa kūʻē i kekahi mea hoʻoemi, akā ʻo ka hana paʻa ʻana o ka pepa fiber tissue.He haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī o ka pepa, hiki ke loaʻa i ka māka ʻoi aʻe.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaʻina hana paʻi palapala no ka paʻi ʻana me ka pepa me ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa, i maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka ʻīnika paʻi, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pae paʻi paʻi.

5 Ka maʻalahi

E pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili pepa, ʻāpana i kekona, hiki ke ana.ʻO ka loina ʻike: ma lalo o kahi ʻūhā a me ke kaomi, kahi leo o ka ea ma ka ʻili aniani a me ka ʻāpana ʻili o ka laʻana ma waena o ka manawa i lawe ʻia.ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pepa, ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ea ma loko, a ʻo ia hoʻi.Pono ka paʻi ʻana i ka pepa me ka maʻalahi maʻemaʻe, ka ʻoluʻolu kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻopuka pono ʻia kahi kiko liʻiliʻi, akā pono e hoʻolohe ka paʻi piha i mea e pale ai i ke kua.Inā haʻahaʻa ka laumania o ka pepa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaomi paʻi koi ʻia, nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka inika.

6 Degere lepo

E pili ana i nā haumia ma ka ʻili o nā kiko pepa, ke kala a me ka waihoʻoluʻu pepa aia kahi ʻokoʻa.ʻO ke degere o ka lepo kahi ana o nā haumia ma ka pepa, i hōʻike ʻia e ka helu o nā wahi lepo ma kekahi ʻano o kēlā me kēia mika square o ka ʻāpana pepa.He kiʻekiʻe ka lepo o ka pepa, paʻi ʻia ka ʻīnika, maikaʻi ʻole ka hopena hoʻohua kiko, pili nā wahi lepo i ka nani o ka huahana.

7 Ka nui o ka nui

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hana ʻia ka ʻili pepa o ka pepa kākau, ka pepa uhi a me ka pepa hoʻopili ʻia ma ke ʻano nui ʻana i kahi papa pale me ka pale wai.Pehea e hoʻopili ai i ka sizing, ka peni ʻeleʻele maʻamau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka inika maʻamau kūikawā i loko o kekahi mau kekona, e kaha i kahi laina ma ka pepa, e ʻike i ka laula kiʻekiʻe o kāna non-proliferation, impermeability, ʻo ka ʻāpana he mm.Kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka ʻili pepa, kiʻekiʻe ka ʻōlinolino paʻi ʻīnika, ʻuʻuku ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka inika.

8 Ke komo ana

ʻO ia ka hiki o ka pepa ke komo i ka ʻīnika.ʻO ka maʻalahi, ka nui o ka pepa, nāwaliwali ke komo ʻana o ka inika, maloʻo maloʻo ka ʻīnika, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻopili i ka paʻi lepo.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ikaika ka ink absorption, maʻalahi ka paʻi ʻana.

9 Lateral

E pili ana i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻonohonoho hui ʻana o ka pepa.I ka hana ʻana i ka pepa, holo ka fiber ma ka ʻaoʻao longitudinal o ka mīkini pepa.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ke kihi ʻoi o nā kaha ʻupena.ʻO ke kūpaʻa i ke kūpaʻa he transverse.He liʻiliʻi ka waiwai deformation o ka paʻi ʻai pepa longitudinal.I ke kaʻina o ka paʻi ʻana i ka palaoa pepa transverse, nui ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hoʻonui, a ʻilihune ka ikaika tensile a me ka waimaka.

10 Ka Hoonui

E pili ana i ka pepa i loko o ka moisture absorption a i ʻole moisture loss ma hope o ka nui o ka hoʻololi.ʻOi aku ka palupalu o ka ʻiʻo fiber o ka pepa, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka paʻa, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka pepa;ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka scaling rate.Eia hou, smoothness, sizing pepa maikaʻi, kona hoʻonui rate mea liʻiliʻi.E like me ka pepa i uhi ʻia ʻelua ʻaoʻao, kāleka aniani a me ka pepa offset, etc.

11 Porosity

Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pepa, ʻoi aku ka hanu.ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka hanu ʻana he ml/min(milliliter i kēlā me kēia minuke) a i ʻole s/100ml (lua / 100ml), e pili ana i ka nui o ka ea i hele ma ka pepa i 1 minuke a i ʻole ka manawa e pono ai e hele i 100ml o ka ea.ʻO ka pepa me ka nui o ka ea permeability hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i ka paʻi pepa i ka paʻi.

12 Degere Keokeo

E pili ana ia i ka ʻōlinolino o ka pepa, inā ʻike ʻia ka mālamalama a pau mai ka pepa mai, ʻike ka maka ʻōlohelohe he keʻokeʻo.ʻO ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka keʻokeʻo o ka pepa, maʻamau ka keʻokeʻo o ka magnesium oxide he 100% ma ke ʻano he maʻamau, e lawe i ka laʻana pepa ma ka irradiation kukui polū, ʻino ke keʻokeʻo o ka reflectivity liʻiliʻi.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mika keʻokeʻo Photoelectric e ana i ke keʻokeʻo.He 11 pakeneka ka huina o ka keokeo.ʻO ka pepa keʻokeʻo kiʻekiʻe, ʻike ʻia ka ʻīnika paʻi ʻeleʻele, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana ma o ka hanana.

13 Imua a i hope

I ka hana pepa, hana ʻia ka pulp e ka kānana a me ka maloʻo ʻana ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi mesh kila.Ma kēia ʻano, e like me ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻupena ma muli o ka nalowale ʻana o nā fibers maikaʻi a me nā mea hoʻopiha i ka wai, no laila e waiho ana i nā kaha ʻupena, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka pepa.A ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēlā ʻaoʻao me ka ʻole o ka ʻupena.Smooth, no laila ka pepa e hana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, ʻoiai ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka maloʻo, kaomi māmā, aia nō nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.ʻOkoʻa ka ʻōlinolino o ka pepa, pili pono i ka absorption o ka inika a me ka maikaʻi o nā huahana paʻi.Inā hoʻohana ke kaʻina paʻi palapala i ka paʻi pepa me ka ʻaoʻao mānoanoa o hope, e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka lole pā.He māmā ka mua o ka paʻi pepa, emi ka ʻīnika.